Psychological Statistics

1. Holt-Lunstad, Smith, and Layton (2010 – Essay Writing Service: Write My Essay by Top-Notch Writer) reported findings from a large meta-analysis (we’ll learn more about those later) including tens of thousands of people.They found that involvement in social relationships was related to longer life expectancies, even more so that typical predictors like diet and exercise.

1. What is the sample in this study?
2. What is the likely population?
3. Is this a correlational study or an experiment?
4. What is the independent variable?
5. What is the dependent variable?
6. What is one possible confounding variable? Suggest at least one way in which the confounding variable might be operationalized.

2. Researchers were interested in the drinking habits of college students. They asked 20 college students, on average, how many alcoholic drinks they had per week.  The data are below.

0          1          0          0          4          3          2          0          1          9

3          0          2          1          3          0          3          1          1          4

1. Create a frequency table for these data. Include a third column for percentages.
2. Create a histogram of these data. (may hand draw and insert CLEAR image)
3. Create a frequency polygon of these data. (may hand draw and insert CLEAR image)
4. Write a summary describing the distribution of these data with respect to shape and direction of any skew.

3. Here are the numbers of wins for the 30 National Basketball Association teams in the 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online-2017 season:

53        51        51        49        43        42        42        41        41        51

37        36        31        29        28        20        67        61        55        51

47        43        41        40        34        33        32        31        26        24

1. Create a grouped frequency table for these data.
2. Create a histogram based on the grouped frequency table.
3. Determine the mean, median, and mode of these data. Use symbols and the formula when showing your calculation of the mean.
4. Calculate the range and the standard deviation of these data, using proper symbols and formulae. Show all of your work in a table similar to the ones used in examples in the book and the handouts.
5. Write a one- to two- paragraph summary describing the distribution of these data. Mention center, variability, and shape.  Be sure to discuss the number of possible outliers and the presence and direction of any skew.
6. State one research question that might arise from this data set.

4. People remember when their horoscopes had an uncanny prediction—say, the prediction of a problem in love on the exact day of the breakup of a romantic relationship—and decide that horoscopes are accurate. Munro & Munro (2000) are among those who have challenged such a conclusion.  They reported that 34% of students chose their own horoscope as the best match for them when the horoscopes were labeled with the signs of the zodiac, whereas only 13% chose their own horoscope when the predictions were labeled only with numbers and in a random order.  Thirteen percent is not statistically significantly different from 8.3% which is the percentage we would expect by chance.

1. What is the population of interest and what is the sample in this study?
2. Was random selection used? Explain your answer.
3. Was random assignment used? Explain your answer.
4. What is the independent variable and what are its levels? What is the dependent variable?  What type of variables are these?
5. What decision did the researchers make? (Respond using the language of inferential statistics.)
6. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make? Explain your answer.  What are the consequences of this type of error, both in general and in this situation?

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