NURS 6501
Week 5 Response 1
HiC,
Thanks for your interesting post. Heart murmurs could be extremely intimidating to most nurses since unless you work in a cardiac unit, you are not presented to them very much. Considering that, I found a couple of awesome sources to enable nurses to look over their heart sounds skills. One is an arrangement of video introductions by the Khan Academy as a team with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (Cohen, 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). The video introductions go over the basics and advanced heart sounds. Another great source is easyauscultation.com, which has examples of a variety of heart sounds, quizzes, and extremely thorough clarifications on what causes the heart sounds. When we as nurses figure out how to more likely utilize murmurs as diagnostic tools, at that point we can deliver a substantially higher level of care to our patients.
References
Cohen, J. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay, Oct 21). Systolic murmurs, diastolic murmurs, and extra heart sounds- Part 1.
[Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YY3OOPmUDA
Easyasucultation.com. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). Retrieved from https://www.easyauscultation.com/
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby.
NURS 6501N -10
Week 4 – Response #1
Hello Jessica Lamarre,
Great post on Congestive Heart Failure! I want to add more information to this topic. Congestive Heart Failure is a type of heart failure which requires seeking timely medical attention, although sometimes the two terms are used interchangeably. It is categorized by typical symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, and fatigue that may be supplemented by signs such as pulmonary crackles, peripheral edema, and elevated jugular venous pressure caused by a cardiac abnormality with structural and functional state, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and high intracardiac pressures at rest or during stress (Ponikowski et al., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online).
The heart has not stopped working with heart failure. Instead, the heart works less efficiently than usual. While the pressure in the heart increases, the blood moves through the heart and body at a slower pace. There is not enough oxygen and nutrients pumping into the heart to meet the body’s needs as a result. The chambers of the heart may respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming stiff and thickened. It helps to keep the blood moving, but the heart muscle walls may eventually weaken and become unable to pump as efficiently (Yancy et al., 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). As a result, retention of body fluid and salt serves as a response to the function of the kidneys. The fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition.
Patients with heart failure are at risk for rapid clinical deterioration or sudden cardiac death; end-of-life issues should be deliberated early in the course of management (Whellan et al., 2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). As patients progress to advanced heart failure, there is a need for such discussions, especially among patients who have declined, failed or been deemed to be ineligible for advanced heart failure treatments. Communication to define goals of care for the individual patient and then to design treatment concordant with these goals is fundamental to patient-centered care.
References
Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J. G., Coats, A. J., … & Jessup, M. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the unique contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. European journal of heart failure, 18(8), 891-975.
Whellan, D. J., Goodlin, S. J., Dickinson, M. G., Heidenreich, P. A., Jaenicke, C., Stough, W. G., … & Heart Failure Society of America. (2014: 2024 – Essay Writing Service | Write My Essay For Me Without Delay). End-of-life care in patients with heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure, 20(2), 121-134.
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Colvin, M. M., … & Hollenberg, S. M. (2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online). 2016: 2024 – Do my homework – Help write my assignment online ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: an update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 68(13), 1476-1488.
NURS 6501N-10
Week 4 – Response #2
Great post on coronary artery disease! I want to add more information to this topic. Coronary Artery Disease is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up on the inner walls of the coronary arteries (Mozaffarian et al., 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. When the plaque narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle, it can cause chest pain. Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture, and it produces a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the portion of heart muscle fed by the artery. Then, the blocked blood flow to the heart muscle causes a heart attack.
Many known risk factors are controllable which includes high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, diabetes and prediabetes, overweight and obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, and stress. As for Douglas et al. 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service, the initial anatomical testing with the use of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or to functional testing (exercise electrocardiography, nuclear stress testing, or stress echocardiography). The secondary endpoints include invasive cardiac catheterization that shows obstructive CAD and radiation exposure.
References
Douglas, P. S., Hoffmann, U., Patel, M. R., Mark, D. B., Al-Khalidi, H. R., Cavanaugh, B., … & Khan, M. A. (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). Outcomes of anatomical versus functional testing for coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(14), 1291-1300.
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., … & Huffman, M. D. (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). American heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 131(4), e29-e322.
RESPONSE 2 Week 9
When I think about a blended leadership styles, the two that I believe are appropriate are democratic and authoritative. The rationale for these two styles are two-fold. When there is an opportunity for a change that is not predicated on time, a democratic leadership style would be appropriate for including the team when making group decisions and when individual decision making is required. Members of the team thrive on respect and their ability to take charge of their projects (Page & Ferguson, 2011). The negative aspects of this leadership style, especially as it pertains to nursing, is that decisions may be delayed due to the lack of consensus, data collection can be incomplete and managing the team may be time consuming.
An authoritative leadership style is necessary for immediate decision making in an organization (Fast Company, 2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). Whenever a decision making process warrants order and accountability, this leadership style is appropriate and effective. Some of the cons associated with this type of leadership style include the absence of inclusion of ideas from the team, the team has strict instructions and is penalized for straying from management directives.
The negative aspects of both the authoritative and democratic leadership styles can potentially lead to adverse events in patient care. As a result, the transformational leadership style is preferred as it is inclusive of the entire team in the decision making (Marquis & Huston, 2017). Moreover, this leadership style focuses on the strengths of the team, which has the ability to enhance the possibility of a successful health care outcome for all patients during the decision-making process.
References:
Fast Company. (2015 – Research Paper Writing Help Service). When it makes sense to be a more authoritative leader. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3047627/when-it-makes-sense-to-be-a-more-authoritative-leader
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Page, L. J., & Ferguson, E. D. (2011). What Adlerians consider important for communication and decision-making in the workplace: Mutual respect and democratic leadership style. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 67(4), 432-437. Retrieved from https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=9619afb7-e8ca-4f4d-a63f-f31e208203c6%40sessionmgr4008
Michelle,
Great post. Anaphylaxis is a rare yet serious medical condition that requires immediate medical intervention. According to Huether & McCance (2017), anaphylaxis begins with a sensitive individual’s antigen being exposed to a trigger (allergen), such as shellfish, peanuts, medications or other substances. The reaction triggers a cascade of events like the release of histamine, bradykinin and leukotrienes which result in vasodilation causing a maldistribution of blood, therefore anaphylaxis is considered a form of distributive shock. Anaphylactic shock is generally sudden and can progress to death within minutes if treatment is not given. Treatment is driven by the presentation of the patient and their clinical symptoms. A 2013 study found that 76% of patients presenting to the ED with anaphylaxis had a mild form including urticaria 64% presented with vomiting (Khan, et al., 2013). The study found that treatment of these patients included a combination of steroid and Histamine antagonist. Epinephrine was used in only 24% of patients, of these patients 90% were admitted to the hospital for overnight observation, there was further reporting if these patients required a secondary dose or not (Khan, et al., 2013).
Patient factor of behavior can have a huge impact on the survival of patients experiencing anaphylaxis. Khan et al (2013), found that medications were the number one cause of anaphylaxis, mainly antibiotics and NSAIDS, reactions with food being second, specifically eggs, milk and shellfish. Knowing this it is important as advanced practice nurses to educate patients young and old how to read food labels, asking ingredient questions when eating out and keeping their medical record up-to-date. Those with known allergies should be taught how to properly treat themselves with epinepherine if they ever encounter their triggers. Family members and close friends should also be educated in ways to treat the person affected should they become incapacitated.
