A. Ethical Paper: position
Select a controversial top of your choice. Use the means of writing you are most comfortable with — pencil, tape recorder, word processor, etc. Do not forget to keep your records of your paper, since these drafts are to be turned in with your Final Paper on Tuesday, December 22, 2020,
MAKE A PRINTOUT OF EACH DRAFT showing your revisions. Philosophical analysis of a moral-ethical issueis not the same as stating your sincerely held opinions. A paper in moral-ethical philosophy consists of at least six (6) parts: (1) the introduction, (2) the presentation of the arguments, (3) the presentation of objections or counter-arguments, (4) a response to these objections, (5) the conclusion, and (6) reference
at Least 6 pages double space 12 font., it is important to make links between sections, and I urge you to consider using subtitles for different sections of the paper. Subtitles make a paper more readable and they help you focus and re-focus on the direction of your thinking. Subtitles, if accurate, summarize the content of a section;
I. Introduction
The opening paragraph serves an introduction to your paper. It should contain a thesis statement and an explanation of your thesis. . Include a brief summary and explanation of your argument, as provided in the example:
2. Presenting Arguments to Support the Thesis The arguments supporting your thesis make up the greater part of your paper. In presenting your arguments, use only premises that are logically compelling. Remember, the purpose of your paper is to convince the reader, in this case your professor (me!), to accept your thesis.
Choose the strongest three or four arguments that support your position. Do not repeat arguments. Each argument should be different, not a rehash of an earlier argument. Do not reword earlier arguments and present them as new arguments in order to make the paper longer (cheaters!).
Remember: this is a paper in ethics (moral philosophy, to some extent), not in law, psychology, sociology, or politics. Do not make claims you cannot support. For example, if you claim that capital punishment is morally acceptable because capital punishment acts as a deterrent, you must have facts that show that capital punishment does have a deterrent effect. Do not put more than one argument in a paragraph. The opening sentence of each paragraph should contain a summary of the argument.
3. Presenting Objections to the Thesis It is generally best to do this part of the paper after you have completed at least a rough draft of your supporting arguments. Most of the advice for presenting your supporting arguments applies to this part of the paper. Step into your opponent’s shoes for a while and ask yourself what are some of the arguments against your thesis statement. ( at least 3 objections).
4. Response to Objections to the Thesis Respond to objections one at a time. If you numbered your counterarguments, refer to each one by its number; for example, Response to Objection 1. If the objection is a good one but you do not change your thesis, you should explain why the moral concerns that support your thesis statement are morally more compelling.
5. Conclusion The conclusion sums up your paper. It should include the following: a restatement of the thesis a brief summary of argument
The following is an example of a conclusion: “In conclusion, the use of sentient nonhuman animals, such as rabbits, in cosmetic experiments cannot be morally justified. The pain caused to these animals clearly outweighs the benefits to humans. Even if it is concluded that humans have a right to use other animals for our benefit, cosmetic experiments are not necessary to the wellbeing of humans. Furthermore, I have argued that rights should be based on interests rather than self-assertion. Sentient animals have an interest in freedom of movement and the avoidance of pain, interests that are thwarted by using them in cosmetic experiments. Furthermore, animal experimentation violates the principle of equality because it is considered morally repugnant to use humans of the same mental capacity as rabbits for cosmetic experiments. Albert Schweitzer once said that we are not truly civilized if we concern ourselves only with the relation of humans to other humans. What is important is the relation of humans to all life. Ending animal testing in cosmetic experiments is one step on the road to becoming truly civilized”.
6. Bibliography. In citing books and articles, include the author’s name, the title of the work, and information about the publication, such as edition, volume number, page number, publisher, and date of publication. Your Bibliography should include, at minimum of 5
reference: http://www.damanhour.edu.eg/pdf/writing.ethics.term_.paper_.pdf
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