CYP3003 Intro to Community Psych
Assignment 8: School-to-Prison Pipeline Paper
Write a paper identifying techniques that could be done to disrupt the school-to-prison pipeline. Please include free or low-cost techniques, as well as more in-depth, systemic-level techniques that can lead to change. Please be creative and concise. More specifically, please address the following points in your paper:
Post must be complete sentences and thought out. Please separate your answers per section. Each section should be 150-250 words. Make sure to cite or give credit if you are referencing someone else’s work.
Explain the school-to-prison pipeline and why we should be concerned with this topic (3 point)
Describe at least two free or low-cost solutions/techniques. I am interested in things that could be done today to address this topic (3 points)
Describe systemic influences that have “caused” or contributed to the school to prison pipeline. Describe techniques or solutions that would disrupt the pipeline, and specify how you propose to disrupt the pipeline (4 points)
Introduction to Community Psychology
Introduction to Community Psychology (Required)
Leonard A. Jason, Olya Glantsman, Jack F. O’Brien, and Kaitlyn N. Ramian (Editors)
Cengage Learning, 3rd Edition, 2011.
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The School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Concerning Trend in Education
The school-to-prison pipeline represents a disturbing phenomenon in educational institutions, where disciplinary policies and practices disproportionately push students, particularly those from marginalized communities, out of schools and into the criminal justice system. Community psychologists have long recognized the importance of addressing such systemic issues that affect the well-being of individuals and communities (Jason et al., 2011).
Zero-tolerance policies in schools often lead to harsh punishments for minor infractions, disproportionately affecting students of colour and those with disabilities. These policies result in higher rates of suspension and expulsion (Learning for Justice, 2021). Suspended or expelled students frequently fall behind academically, increasing their likelihood of dropping out and becoming involved in the juvenile justice system.
The concern surrounding this issue stems from its perpetuation of systemic inequalities and long-term impact on communities. Research indicates that students who enter the juvenile justice system face significant challenges in returning to education and are at higher risk of adult incarceration (Loyola University Chicago, 2018). Jason et al. (2011) emphasize the importance of considering the broader social context when addressing such issues, recognizing that individual problems often have roots in larger societal structures.
The pipeline undermines the fundamental purpose of education as a means of empowerment and social mobility. By pushing students out of schools and into the criminal justice system, it exacerbates existing social inequalities and limits opportunities for personal growth and development. Addressing this issue aligns with core principles of community psychology, which emphasizes empowerment and social justice (Jason et al., 2011).
Low-Cost Solutions to Address the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Implementing free or low-cost solutions can significantly contribute to disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline. Two effective techniques that can be immediately adopted are restorative justice practices and culturally responsive teaching.
Restorative justice practices focus on repairing harm and restoring relationships rather than punitive measures. This approach encourages dialogue between the offender and the affected parties, promoting accountability and understanding. Schools can implement restorative circles or conferences where students discuss conflicts and collaboratively develop solutions. These practices have shown promising results in reducing disciplinary incidents and improving school climate (The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Theory & Practice, 2022). Jason et al. (2011) highlight the importance of such community-based interventions in addressing social problems and promoting positive change.
Culturally responsive teaching is another low-cost strategy that can significantly impact the school-to-prison pipeline. This approach involves adapting teaching methods and curricula to reflect the diverse cultural backgrounds of students. By incorporating culturally relevant materials and examples, educators can increase student engagement and reduce the likelihood of disciplinary issues arising from cultural misunderstandings. Research indicates that culturally responsive teaching can lead to improved academic outcomes and decreased disciplinary referrals, particularly for students from marginalized communities (Early Childhood Research & Practice, 2020).
These techniques align with the ecological perspective emphasized in community psychology, which recognizes the importance of interventions at multiple levels of analysis (Jason et al., 2011). By focusing on building positive relationships and creating inclusive learning environments, schools can take immediate steps to address the root causes of the school-to-prison pipeline.
Systemic Influences and Disruptive Techniques
The school-to-prison pipeline is rooted in systemic issues that extend beyond individual schools. Factors such as racial bias, underfunded education systems, and punitive disciplinary policies have contributed to its development and persistence. Jason et al. (2011) emphasize the need for community psychologists to address such systemic issues through collaborative, empowering approaches.
Implicit bias among educators and administrators plays a significant role in perpetuating the pipeline. Studies have shown that students of colour often receive harsher punishments for the same infractions as their white peers (American Psychological Association, 2019). To address this, comprehensive implicit bias training for all school staff is essential. This training should focus on recognizing and mitigating unconscious biases in decision-making processes, particularly in disciplinary actions.
Another systemic issue is the lack of adequate resources in many schools, particularly those serving low-income communities. This scarcity often leads to overcrowded classrooms, insufficient support services, and a reliance on punitive discipline as a quick fix for behavioural issues. To disrupt this aspect of the pipeline, increased funding for education is crucial. Specifically, resources should be allocated to hire more counsellors, social workers, and support staff who can address students’ needs before they escalate into disciplinary problems.
Furthermore, zero-tolerance policies have significantly contributed to the pipeline by mandating harsh punishments for a wide range of behaviours. To disrupt this, schools and districts should adopt more flexible, case-by-case approaches to discipline. Implementing graduated response systems that prioritize intervention and support over punishment can help keep students in school and out of the justice system (Journal of Juvenile Intensive Justice Education, 2017).
By addressing these systemic issues through targeted interventions, we can begin to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline. This multifaceted approach requires collaboration between educators, policymakers, and community members to create lasting change in our educational system. As Jason et al. (2011) emphasize, such collaborative efforts are essential in community psychology for addressing complex social issues and promoting positive community change.
Keywords: School-to-prison pipeline, Restorative justice, Community psychology
References:
American Psychological Association (2019) Implicit Bias Training and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. [Online] Available at: https://psycnet.apa.org [Accessed 17 July 2024].
Early Childhood Research & Practice (2020) Culturally Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Settings and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. [Online] Available at: https://ecrp.uiuc.edu [Accessed 17 July 2024].
Jason, L.A., Glantsman, O., O’Brien, J.F. and Ramian, K.N. eds. (2011) Introduction to Community Psychology. 3rd ed. Cengage Learning.
Journal of Juvenile Intensive Justice Education (2017) School-to-Prison Pipeline Can Be Dismantled Using Alternative Discipline Strategies. [Online] Available at: https://jjie.org [Accessed 17 July 2024].
Learning for Justice (2021) What Is the School-to-Prison Pipeline, and How Do We Disrupt It? [Online] Available at: https://learningforjustice.org [Accessed 17 July 2024].
Loyola University Chicago (2018) Disrupting the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Alternative Discipline Practices to Reduce Exclusionary Discipline. [Online] Available at: https://ecommons.luc.edu [Accessed 17 July 2024].
The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Theory & Practice (2022) Restorative Justice Practices and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. [Online] Available at: https://tandfonline.com [Accessed 17 July 2024].
